As the global community accelerates its transition toward clean energy, the security of critical mineral supply chains has emerged as a cornerstone of both economic prosperity and national security. The current reality, where a single nation controls 80-90 percent of the battery precursor market and dominates critical mineral processing, presents significant challenges that require coordinated solutions among allied nations.

In recent years, the vulnerability of global supply chains has been exposed. From semiconductors to battery materials, an overreliance on a single country for critical resources has created substantial risks for industries vital to the energy transition. This concentration not only threatens economic security but also compromises the world's ability to achieve its clean energy goals effectively and equitably.

The challenges we face in securing critical minerals are multifaceted. Beyond the immediate concerns of supply chain concentration, we must address environmental sustainability, technological innovation and economic viability.

Recent developments in non-ferrous metal smelting and processing technologies demonstrate how technical expertise combined with strategic international partnerships can create viable alternatives to existing supply chains.

Successful partnerships between automotive manufacturers and chemical companies in developing battery materials could serve as a model for allied cooperation.

To address the global challenges, I propose three key areas for enhanced cooperation among allied nations:

First, we must establish a robust framework for technology sharing and joint research and development among trusted partners. This framework should facilitate knowledge transfer while protecting intellectual property rights and maintaining security standards. Precedents show that technological collaboration can accelerate innovation and create more efficient processing methods. This includes developing standardized protocols for technology transfer and creating joint research initiatives focused on critical mineral processing.

Second, we must accelerate the development of circular economy initiatives across borders. This includes standardizing recycling processes, sharing best practices and creating economic incentives for resource recovery. The growing success of recycling operations globally demonstrates the viability of this approach. We need to establish international standards for recycling and recovery processes, coupled with incentives that make circular economy practices economically attractive to both developed and developing nations.

Third, we must prioritize environmental, social and governance principles in supply chain development while maintaining economic competitiveness. The commitment to renewable energy and sustainable production methods shows how industries can balance economic viability with environmental responsibility. This involves developing clear metrics for environmental performance and creating mechanisms for sharing best practices in sustainable production.

The next decade will be crucial in determining whether we can successfully transition to clean energy while maintaining secure and sustainable supply chains. What’s needed is not just government initiatives but active participation from private sector leaders who understand both the technical and commercial aspects of critical mineral processing.

Looking ahead, the private sector must play a leading role in supply chain diversification. Companies with technical expertise in mineral processing are uniquely positioned to bridge technical knowledge with international cooperation, creating practical solutions to supply chain vulnerabilities. The experience in developing new processing technologies and establishing international partnerships provides a blueprint for future collaboration, particularly in emerging markets.

By working together, allied nations and their private sectors can establish supply chains that are not only more secure but also more sustainable. Through technological innovation, strategic partnerships and commitment to sustainability, we can create a more secure and environmentally responsible future for critical mineral supply chains while promoting inclusive economic growth.

For the path forward, we have to establish clear mechanisms for international cooperation that protect intellectual property while fostering innovation and ensuring equitable access to critical resources.

Success in this endeavor will need sustained commitment from both government and private sector leaders. We must move beyond traditional business models to create truly integrated international supply chains that serve our collective interests in security, sustainability and economic prosperity. Only through such concerted effort can we ensure a resilient and sustainable future for generations to come.

Park Ki-deok

Park Ki-deok is president of Korea Zinc. The views expressed here are